Chanakya Niti Grammar

पुत्राश्च विविधैः शीलैर्नियोज्याः सततं बुधैः। नीतिज्ञाः शीलसम्पन्ना भवन्ति कुलपूजिताः॥ पुत्राः masc. noun 1st case plural  पुत्र sons विविधैः adj. to masc. noun (शील)  3rd case plural  विविध by many शीलैः masc. noun 3rd case plural  शील by morals नियोज्याः adj. to masc. noun  (पुत्र) 1st  case plural  नियोज्य brought up सततम् avyaya always बुधैः masc. noun   3rd case plural  बुध by wise men नीतिज्ञाः masc. noun 1st case plural  नीतिज्ञ knowledgeable in laws and morals शीलसम्पन्नाः adj. to masc. noun (नीतिज्ञ) 1st case plural  शील-सम्पन्न endowed with morals भवन्ति present tense 3rd person plural  भू are/become कुलपूजिताः adj. to masc. noun  (नीतिज्ञ)  1st case plural  कुल-पूजित family-worshipped => worshipped in the family Wise men should always bring up their sons in various moral ways, for  children who have knowledge of niti-sastra and are well-behaved  become a glory to their family.

शैले शैले न माणिक्यं मौक्तिकं न गजे गजे । साधवो न हि सर्वत्र चन्दनं न वने वने ॥ शैले masc. noun 7th case singular  शैल in a mountain न avyaya not माणिक्यम् neu. noun 1st case singular  माणिक्य ruby मौक्तिकम् neu. noun 1st case singular  मौक्तिक pearl गजे masc. noun 7th case singular  गज in an elephant साधवः masc. noun 1st case plural साधु sage हि avyaya indeed सर्वत्र avyaya everywhere चन्दनम् neu. noun 1st case singular  चन्दन sandalwood वने masc. noun 7th case singular  वन in a forest There does not exist a ruby in every mountain, nor a pearl in the head of every elephant; neither are the sadhus to be found everywhere, nor sandal trees in every forest.

कष्टं च खलु मूर्खत्वं कष्टं च खलु यौवनम् । कष्टात्कष्टतरं चैव परगेहनिवासनम् ॥ कष्टम् neu. adj to noun (मूर्खत्व) 1st case  singular  कष्ट difficult च avyaya and खलु avyaya indeed मूर्खत्वम् neu. noun 1st case   singular  मूर्खत्व foolishness कष्टम् neu. adj to noun  (मूर्खत्व)  1st case  singular  कष्ट difficult च avyaya and खलु avyaya indeed यौवनम् neu. noun 1st case   singular यौवन youth कष्टात् neu. noun 5th case singular  कष्ट than difficult कष्टतरम् neu. noun to adj () 1st case singular  कष्टतर more difficult परगेहनिवासनम् neu. noun 1st case singular  पर-गेह-निवासन other-house-habitation => dwelling in another's house Foolishness is indeed painful, and verily so is youth, but more painful  by far than either is being obliged in another person’s house.

मनसा चिन्तितं कार्यं वाचा नैव प्रकाशयेत् । मन्त्रेण रक्षयेद्गूढं कार्ये चापि नियोजयेत् ॥ मनसा  neu. noun 3rd case singular  मनस् by the mind चिन्तितम् neu. adj to noun (कार्यम्) 2nd case singular  चिन्तित thought वाचा  fem. noun 3rd case singular  वाच् by speech न  avyaya not एव avyaya indeed प्रकाशयेत् optative 3rd person singular प्र-काश् one should not reveal मन्त्रेण neu./masc. noun 3rd case singular  मन्त्र counsel रक्षयेत् optative 3rd person singular  रक्ष् one should protect गूढम् neu. noun 2nd case singular  गूढ secret कार्ये neu. noun 7th case   singular  कार्य in the task च avyaya and अपि avyaya also नियोजयेत् optative 3rd person singular नि-युज् one should indulge Do not reveal what you have thought upon doing, but by wise council  keep it secret being determined to carry it into execution.